THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA TO THE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING

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Published: Jul 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2392533r
Keywords:
Organized Crime, Migrants, Smuggling, Crimea, Victims

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Muhamet Racaj
College “Biznesi” - Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-928X
Mitasin Beqiri
College “Biznesi” - Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
Senat Saliu
Independent researcher, Republic of North Macedonia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-9444

Abstract

The Republic of North Macedonia, as a country with a central geographic location on the Balkan Peninsula, represents a transit state through which the main road passes, where nearly a million migrants passed in recent years. This is also why many gangs and criminal groups that operate in an organized manner in the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia are allowed to commit criminal offenses related to the smuggling of migrants, which is also the research problem of this paper. With the content analysis method, we offer an overview of the criminalization of the offense of “migrant smuggling” in the Republic of North Macedonia. In contrast, through the statistical method, we offer a statistical analysis of criminal offenses of this type to create a good overview of the number and manner of committing these criminal acts. Based on the results of official statistical data from 2017-2021, it has been established that the number of smuggling migrants is increasing, while the number of persons convicted for the criminal offense “smuggling of migrants” is increasing slightly. We conclude that the Republic of North Macedonia has raised its capacities following international standards and has made a legal and institutional contribution to the prevention and fight against migrant smuggling.    

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How to Cite
Racaj, Muhamet, Mitasin Beqiri, and Senat Saliu. 2023. “THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA TO THE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING ”. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs 9 (2):398-411. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2392533r.
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Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Liberty and International Affairs
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Muhamet Racaj, College “Biznesi” - Pristina, Republic of Kosovo

Born on August 1, 1961, in Siqeve, municipality of Klina in the Republic of Kosovo. He finished primary school in Dobra Voda, while he completed military secondary school in Sarajevo in 1980. He graduated from the Military Academy of the Land Army of the APJ in 1986 in Belgrade, while he completed the Academy of Commandos-Staffs in 1997 in Skopje. He completed the national defense school in 2007 in Istanbul, Republic of Turkey. He completed his master's postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University “St. Kiril and Metodij” in Skopje in 2006, while he obtained a doctorate in the field of “security” at the University St. Kliment Ohridski in Bitola, in 2009. After completing secondary military education, he was a non-commissioned officer of the People's Army of Yugoslavia until 1983, while after completing the military academy, he was promoted to the rank of infantry sub-lieutenant in 1986. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1987, to the rank of captain in in 1991, in the rank of captain 1st class in 1996, in the rank of major in 2001, in the rank of lieutenant colonel in 2003, in the rank of colonel in 2006, in the rank of brigadier general in 2012 and in the rank of major general he was promoted to in 2015 and was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia. During the service, in the direction of the development and affirmation of the army as an institution in the service of the defense and security of the state, several men have been promoted and praised, while they have also received other recognitions. In his career so far, in addition to his official duties, he has also been engaged as an Ambassador of peace through the Universal Federation for Peace - the Interregional and International Federation of World Peace, from 2008, he was elected Docent in the field of Criminology by the Faculty of Detective and Security at “FON” University in 2009, he was elected Docent from the field of Military Sciences at the Military Academy at “GoceDelchev” University-Shtip, in 2010, from 2013 he was appointed chairman of the commission for the review of military-professional doctrines and literature in the ARNM , 2013, and was elected as an extraordinary professor at the Military Academy at “Goce Delchev” University, Shtip, in 2015. With decision No. 17-527/3 date 30.06.2020 from the first private University “FON” - Skopje, Associate Professor in the field of Research Methodology. He has published 35 international scientific research papers, as well as participated in international scientific conferences. He is the author of the published books: “Police Management”, University Book, Skopje 2021, “Criminal Intelligence”, University Book, Print-Struga-Skopje 2020, “Organized Crime-Prevention and Repression”, University Book, De Print-Struga -2019, “Defense reforms”, 2015, “Introduction to criminalistics”, Solaris Print-Skopje-2012, “Basics of topography and tactics in natural conditions”, University book, Solaris Print-S2009

Mitasin Beqiri, College “Biznesi” - Pristina, Republic of Kosovo

Born on 15.12.1961 in the village Dobridol, Gostivar. He completed his undergraduate studies in Pristina in 1990 at the Faculty of Law at the University of Pristina. In 2005, he passed the bar exam at the Ministry of Justice. In 2006, he finished his postgraduate studies and by defending his master's thesis “Organization and situation in penitentiary institutions in FYROM”, he acquired the right to the professional title of Master of Legal Sciences. In 2010 at the University of Southeast Europe – Tetovo after defending the doctoral dissertation, under the title “Resocialization of convicted persons sentenced to prison in penitentiary institutions in the Republic of Macedonia” is obtained with the scientific degree of Doctor of Sciences. After graduating, Mitasin Beqiri worked as a teacher in the Primary School in the village. Dobridol, while from 1993 to 2000 he worked in the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy - regional unit Gostivar as a referent for social protection of children. In the Municipality of Negotino-Polog, he held the position of secretary of the Council of the Municipality in the period from 1996-2000. In June 2000, he held the position of Director of the Administration for the Execution of Criminal Sanctions at the Ministry of Justice - Skopje. Since November 20002, he has been the head of the department for the security of Penitentiary Institutions and Correctional Institutions in the Republic of Macedonia. In 2006, he was appointed Deputy Director of the Idrizovo Penitentiary until August 2008, in the meantime he returned to the administration as head of the department for the treatment of convicted persons and supervision of penitentiary institutions. In his academic work experience, the candidate was hired as a lecturer at the Faculty of Public Administration and Political Sciences at the University of Southeast Europe - Tetovo. During 2011-2012, he was hired as a lecturer at the European College, Pec. In the period 2008-2009, he was hired as a lecturer at the Faculty of Business Administration, Kumanovo. Since 2015, he has held the position of Dean of the Faculty of Detectives and Security at the AUE University - FON, Skopje. He published several international scientific research papers, as well as participated in international scientific conferences. In 2021, he published the University textbook “Criminal law - general part”, Fenix Trade BB-Kicevo, Skopje. In 2007, he published the monograph “Organization and state of penitentiary institutions in the Republic of Macedonia”, Alberia design, Tetovo.

Senat Saliu, Independent researcher, Republic of North Macedonia

Born on 16.09.1992 in the village of Debresh, Municipality of Gostivar, Republic of North Macedonia. He completed primary school in the village of Debresh, while he completed secondary school at the “Gostivar” Municipal High School. He graduated from the Faculty of Detective and Security at the American University of Europe - FON, Skopje in 2014, while in 2017 he completed his postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Detective and Security, Department of Security, at the American University of Europe - FON, Skopje, where and received the title Master of security sciences. He has published 9 international scientific research papers, as well as participated in international scientific conferences. He is the co-author of the published book: “Police Management”, University Book, Skopje 2021.