FACTORING THE SMART POWER IN THE INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION ENGAGEMENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

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Nippun Gupta
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-2706
Bawa Singh
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-0938
Aslam Khan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-2317
Jaspal Kaur
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4742-1350

Abstract

Power is a critical factor in several types of diplomacy. India-EU relations are a classic case of how changing geopolitics prompted diplomatic acumen. This scoping review assesses the changing relations of both partners as a manifestation of Smart Power. The dynamic relations from normative-based to pragmatic and inclusive interests based are evaluated. Their value-based relations are put under international relations theories. Their changing factors of cooperation are used to justify their smart diplomacy, where contemporary relations are less likely to be affected by multilateral interests. To solidify claims of smart power in their relations, the recent TRIPS waiver schism illuminated health diplomacy between the two regions. This health diplomacy discourse promotes smart power diplomacy between India and the EU, where new avenues of cooperation emerge despite pandemic disagreements. The article explores how hybrid power is better than soft and hard power in silos by systematically searching and selecting the existing knowledge in the contemporary context. 

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How to Cite
Gupta, Nippun, Bawa Singh, Aslam Khan, and Jaspal Kaur. 2023. “FACTORING THE SMART POWER IN THE INDIA-EUROPEAN UNION ENGAGEMENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW”. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs 9 (1):73-88. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2391073s.
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Author Biographies

Nippun Gupta, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

Nippun Gupta, Ph.D. has been working in the Department of South and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Central University of Punjab, India. He is working on the Ph.D. Title, “India-EU Health Diplomacy in the 21st Century: Contextualizing the Pandemic Perspective.” He has published several articles in the renowned national and international journals. He has also reviewed some articles from some renowned journals.

Bawa Singh, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, India

Dr. Bawa Singh (Associate Professor) has been teaching in the Department of South and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-India. He has published 50 research articles in reputed national and international journals. One book, “New Great Game in the Indo-Pacific: Rediscovering India’s Pragmatism and Paradoxes” Routledge, London, was published in 2022 and one book, “India’s Energy Diplomacy towards Eurasia: Geopolitical and Geo-economic Perspectives” Springer, (Under Review). He has completed one major research project, "Role of SAARC: Geostrategic and Geo-economic Perspectives” funded by the ICSSR. He has guided 12 M. Phil and 6 Ph. D. scholars. Currently, five research scholars are working under his guidance. He has also been contributing articles to international and national major think tanks such- as Modern Diplomacy, Diplomat, Eurasian Review, South Asian Monitor, IPPR, SADF, and AIDIA. His research areas include Geopolitics of the South and Central Asian region, regional cooperation, Indian foreign policy, health diplomacy, etc.

Aslam Khan, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India

Dr. Aslam Khan is Associate Professor in Department of Gandhian and Peace Studies, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar-India. Prior to this, he served as Professor of International Relations and Dean, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Yobe State University, Nigeria. He also served as Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. Dr. Khan also served as Associate Professor & Head, Department of Political Science and Administration at Yobe State University, Nigeria. He also served Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-INDIA as Assistant Professor of Political Science.Dr Khan has also served as a Visiting Professor at University of Maiduguri, Nigeria and Amhara Leadership Academy, Ethiopia.Dr Khan has been very actively engaged in his research pursuits concerning African Politics, US and South Asia, Indo-Pacific, Peace and Conflict Studies, and Nuclear Issues. His more recent publications include a book titled ‘Great Game in Indo-Pacific: Rediscovering India’s Pragmatism and Paradoxes published by Taylor and Francis and three chapters in titled ‘Disarmament Policies’, ‘Institutionalization of Nonviolence’, and ‘Military Deterrence and Statecraft’ in ‘Encyclopaedia of Violence, Peace & Conflict’ edited by Lester Kurtz and published by Elsevier. He has also extensively written several articles on African politics especially on Nigeria and Ethiopia published by Sage and Routledge. Dr. Khan is also the member of editorial board of several reputed journals including Cambridge Scholars, Springer, and Routledge. He also serves as reviewer for scores of international peer reviewed journals.Dr. Khan is Associate Editor of Journal of Liberty and International Affairs (JLIA). He also serves as member of International Advisory Committee for various international conferences. He is also the member of International Political Science Association (IPSA), Canada, International Studies Association (ISA), USA, Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA), USA and Indian Political Science Association (IPSA), India. He is also associated with International Peace Research Association (IPRA) and Member, Executive Council of Asia Pacific Peace Research Association.

Jaspal Kaur, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Dr Jaspal Kaur is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology, School of Social Science and Humanities, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab). Her main research interest areas include health sociology, health diplomacy etc. She has published several articles in the renowned Scopus and Web of Science indexed journals.